Assignment 2 †Why Teaching Essay

It is important not only for you, but for your Field Supervisor and me, to know what led you to enter the teaching profession. For this assignment you are to write a 300-500 word essay on â€Å"Why I Elected to Travel the Road to Teaching. † ***The first part of your paper will explain your life experiences which led you to pursue a career in teaching. ***The second part of your paper will name/identify the 3 main keys to success as identified in â€Å"Keys to Success for New Teachers. † ***The third part of this paper will explain how the knowledge of these keys can help you be a successful teacher? (You will probably need to review these ‘keys’ found in the course material. ) Formal writing is required. Your paper must incorporate correct sentence structure, punctuation, capitalization and grammar. EDTC 5100 – Assignment 2 Name: Cameron Guidry Last 4 digits of SSN#: 2381 1. Why I Elected to Travel the Road to Teaching My road to becoming a teacher is perhaps less romantic than some would like. I didn’t enjoy school when I was younger and felt no inclination to be a teacher. I did, however, find a passion for learning and writing when I was earning my undergraduate degree at The University of Kansas. Meeting instructors who were excited about their subjects got me excited too, and eventually I was getting excited all on my own. The experience was entirely foreign to me. I was reading just to read and writing without being told. I had spent my four years of high school counting the hours until it was time to leave, and it was the realization that this didn’t have to be the high school experience that pushed me toward teaching as a career. I still have a passion for the subject, and I am currently earning a PhD in English, an endeavor that is entirely fueled by my own passion. It is my hope, and experience up to this point, that I can inject that enthusiasm into my classroom. I spent two years teaching at the university level, and found success. It was as I had imagined; I had students who entered my room uninterested and left my room well equipped readers. The issue I saw was that I would only have the opportunity to interact with those fortunate few that made it to my college classroom, and it was my desire to offer what I could to a more diverse group, perhaps illuminating a possibility that wouldn’t be clear without my presence. I don’t expect to create a graduating class of English majors, but I do believe that I can provide the role model that my students can benefit from. I feel an obligation, one that I created myself, to educate. It’s not an obligation I fulfill begrudgingly; it is one that I happily attempt to answer and is my road to teaching. 2. Name the Three Keys They are be reasonable, organize your life, and reflect.3. Tell how the keys can help you to be a successful teacher? These three keys are helpful for life in general, but as a teacher I am finding myself constantly on my back foot while answering questions and asking someone to take their seat. It can be overwhelming, but by finding my center outside of the classroom, and achieving some understanding before the bell rings, attempting to control the chaos becomes a managable thing.Additional Comments:

How does Miller present Catherine growing up in A View From the Bridge Essay

Over the course of the play, Miller presents Catherine’s growing sense of independence in the Carbone household. At the start of the play Catherine is portrayed as reliant on Eddie, adopting a domestic role, as well as naive and emotionally immature. After Marco and Rodolpho’s arrival, she quickly starts to become aware of her sexuality and starts to assert her independence and begins going against what Eddie says. By the end of Act 1 Catherine is able to talk back to Eddie and defies his orders and starts to see him as negative figure in her life. Miller uses Catherine to show how stereotypes of female behaviour are being challenged in Red Hook. When the audience is first introduced to, Miller presents her as the stereotypical housewife, as shown through the stage directions â€Å"enter[ing] from the kitchen†. The reference to the kitchen suggests that Catherine’s role is confined to that of a housewife; in addition her â€Å"look[ing]† for Eddie implies she eagerly waits for his return, much like a partner would. Her domestic role is further reinforced when Miller has her â€Å"get [Eddie] a beer† an action intended for a wife rather than a daughter. Catherine’s eagerness to please Eddie is further demonstrated when Miller has her â€Å"turn for him†. This shows not only her eagerness but also her naivety, as without questioning his orders she willingly puts her body on display for him. Her naivety is further explored when she â€Å"light[s]† Eddie’s cigar for him. Lighting a man’s cigar is seen as a romantic gesture, done between husband and wife, so the fact that Catherine fails to recognise the significance behind her actions goes to demonstrate her ignorance towards adult situations, further cementing in the audience’s mind that she acts like a child. Miller uses Catherine’s interactions with Beatrice to show how childlike she is despite her age. A notable example of this is when Beatrice says to her â€Å"go baby, set the table†. In this line the word â€Å"baby† could be seen as a term of affection that Beatrice has for Catherine – a likely assumption as she is Catherine’s mother figure. However it could be seen as having a hidden meaning; it could to show how Beatrice unknowingly views Catherine, as a baby. This is evidenced by the fact that Beatrice is commanding Catherine by telling her to â€Å"set the table†. After Marco and Rodolpho arrive Miller begins to show the first signs of Catherine’s increasing independence. Through her relationship with Eddie we start to see her break away from his control and start to gain some authority. This is shown when she tells Rodolpho to â€Å"go ahead [and] sing it†. This is a significant moment as it is the first instance in the play where Catherine takes a role of authority and commands someone else. Additionally slightly further on she tells Eddie to â€Å"leave him finish†. This goes directly against what Eddie was just telling Rodolpho and is the first instance in which Catherine challenges Eddie’s authority. This goes along with the first quote go to show just how much she has changed from when we first met her; she has gone from completely dependent on Eddie and has begun to start to challenge him. Catherine’s interactions with Beatrice begin to show how she has started to drift away from what’s expected of her as a stereotypical woman. Miller develops this idea through the fact that throughout the scene Catherine has been ignoring the duty given to her by Eddie, to get the guests coffee, and has forced Beatrice to take the job and â€Å"get the coffee† herself. This moment signifies the point where Catherine starts to no longer act as a wife towards Eddie, and allows Beatrice to take that role once again. Miller uses Catherine’s and Rodolpho’s relationship to show how she is maturing sexually. From the start Miller makes it very clear from the start that Catherine is interested in Rodolpho when he describes her as â€Å"wondrously† asking him a bout his complexion. Catherine’s intentions are given away here, as wonder is a strong feeling to have for someone she has just met. This is further emphasized when she exclaims once again about his appearance, saying â€Å"He’s a real blonde!† showing that she is so captivated with his appearance that she cannot believe what she is seeing. Another point that reinforced this idea is when she describes his singing by saying â€Å"he’s terrific, it’s terrific†. This switch from â€Å"he† to â€Å"it† could imply that Catherine might be so infatuated with Rodolpho she can not help complimenting him and must correct herself in order to hide the fact that she does feel love attraction towards him. Finally she later goes onto ask Rodolpho if he â€Å"like[s] sugar† this is a sexual comment veiled as a question and goes to show Catherine’s growing sense of sexual maturity. By the end of Act 1 Miller has shown Catherine to become more independent, this is first demonstrated through how her relationship with Eddie has changed. Firstly, Miller portrays Catherine to be far more forward with Eddie as shown when Catherine is described as talking to Eddie with â€Å"an edge of anger†. Her now being â€Å"anger[ed]† is a big change from how the audience originally viewed Catherine’s thoughts on Eddie- a childlike figure who relied heavily him. Furthermore, the change in her behaviour is emphasized by the fact that she can now assert some form of dominance over Eddie, as shown by the fact the he â€Å"retreat[s] before the threat of her anger†. Secondly Eddie himself starts to see that Catherine is maturing and growing up as shown when he says, â€Å" you’re a big girl†. However the use of the words â€Å"big girl† suggest while he may acknowledge that she is growing up he still does not view her as an adult as many others are starting to do. Beatrice is one of those who recognises that Catherine is maturing, and helps her in doing so. She tells Catherine throughout their conversation that she’s â€Å"not a baby anymore†. â€Å"Baby† was the term of affection originally used by Beatrice to refer to Catherine, so her telling Catherine that she is no longer a â€Å"baby†, implies that Beatrice no longer sees her as a child and that she is trying to convince Catherine that she is growing up to be a woman. Finally, Miller uses her relationship with Rodolpho to show how she has now gained independence and is able to defy Eddie. The most notable example of this is when she asks Rodolpho if he â€Å"wanna dance†. This comes right after when Eddie starts questioning Rodolpho on the way he behaves while he is out. Catherine asking Rodolpho to dance serves to act as a gesture of rebellion whose purpose is to show to Eddie that Catherine is now able to think for herself and goes to demonstrate that she no longer needs his approval on what she can and cannot do. Miller uses Catherine to explore the developing theme of womanhood and the struggle for female independence and by doing so he also uses her to challenge the traditional stereotypes that females in Red Hook, and by extensions the world, face.

Field Work and Data Collection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Field Work and Data Collection - Essay Example 2.1 Methodology The methodology used in this study is a survey and relevant research. 2.2 Tool Used A questionnaire has been prepared and other relevant information will be obtained from different sources like journals, newspapers, magazines and articles. 2.3 Rationale of Questionnaire and Other Sources Used The research method that has been used in this study in order to achieve the above mentioned objective is a questionnaire (Appendix – 1). The questionnaire consists of 16 questions that are predominantly closed-ended in nature and it has been prepared for the participants who have the willingness to participate in the same. The main focus of preparing the questions mentioned in the questionnaire was to address the issue of prevailing economic scenario and how it has affected the people. In other words, the questions have been constructed to measure the effect of and related adjustments to the GFC. Closed-ended questions were preferred over open-ended questions because the questions could be easily categorised and is quantifiable (Bechman, 2005). Moreover, closed-ended questions can be analysed easily. ... The responses of closed-ended questions are more reliable and the turnaround time is less. It implies participants have to devote less time while answering the questionnaire and there is less chance of false replies being recorded (Seibert, 2002). The main objective of this questionnaire is to identify the responses of the questions based on this study. This would help in achieving the objectives of this study too. Hence, the main focus of the questionnaire is to find the impact of the present economic scenario on how people are spending their money, particularly in groceries. Whether people have changed from where they used to shop before and have shifted to discounted stores because of the recession or have they remained loyal to large supermarkets and the reasons behind such changes, are all addressed in the questionnaire. Hence, the questionnaire used as a tool in this study was quite effective in collecting data in quick time. It was also cost effective and large volume of data was gathered quite efficiently. A random sample selection procedure was used to design the sample and in total 150 responses was collected from people in the nearby local supermarket. 50 questionnaires each were distributed to Sainsbury, Tesco and Morrison shopkeepers respectively. Since the questions were closed-ended, people were comfortable answering the questionnaire. Moreover data collection was over in quick time because customers did not have to ponder over or think much before giving their reply to the questionnaire. The questionnaire that has been prepared is mentioned below. Proper justifications and the reasons behind asking such questions have also been explained. 1. Which grocery shop is preferred by you mostly? Sainsbury†¦..

Scariest food additives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scariest food additives - Essay Example Mostly hydrogenated oil is an essential source of trans fat. Makers like it because it lessens expenses, expands timeframe of realistic usability and settles flavor; however a loss for customers. Trans fats are twice as troublesome for the body to break down as soaked fats, and due to their support of terrible (LDL) cholesterol and have been indicated to lessening great (HDL) cholesterol. They are dynamic executors of coronary illness, diabetes, healthful insufficiencies and cell weakening. Note: Products that hold incompletely hydrogenated oils however have short of what 0.5g of transfat for every serving can convey a "trans-fat free" name. Likewise remember that "completely hydrogenated oil" does not hold Trans fats. Result: Avoid sustenance holding Trans fats, including margarine, vegetable shortening, saltines, and treats, heated products, mixed greens dressings, breads and chips (Ornelas, 2007). Aspartame: Used in breakfast grains, soda pops drink blends, gelatin sweets, solidified pastries, yogurt, mulling over gum, diet nourishment, and as a tabletop sweetener under the brand names Equal and NutraSweet. Studies have proposed that it cause disease — particularly with deep rooted utilization or neurological issues. Aspartame additionally brings down the acidity of pee and may make the urinary tract more powerless to contaminate. High fructose corn syrup like table sugar (sucrose) is less expensive option and is a profoundly handled manifestation of glucose that has changed over into fructose. Fructose is a type of sugar usually found in apples and oranges. The argument against HFCS ranges from claims that it restrains leptin the hormone in charge of telling ones cerebrum is fully harmed, and tissues can hold poisonous levels of mercury. The contentions against HFCS are uncertain, yet one thing is sure: an excessive amount of sugar will hurt substantial methodologies in incalculable ways, including expanding danger for diabetes, heftiness

Analysis of Googling Out of Control and Work in Google Essay

Analysis of Googling Out of Control and Work in Google - Essay Example Organizational Structure is where roles and/or ranks of employees are determined. It is advanced that success may still be realized so long as the culture and values of the organization and its employees are attuned with each other thus any challenges faced by the organization may be managed or prevented. A concrete example of culture adaptation or acclimatization is that of Google. In the video, Google is commended for its fun and relaxing work atmosphere. Notwithstanding the laid back work structure, it is able to provide perks and incentives to everyone in the organization. Google is able to support its management style due to the billions of revenues and profits it is able to generate through their Online Services and advertisements. And, it is in this context that this paper will analyze the Google’s success. Discussion There are 3 forms of Organizations, the Classical, Modern and Post-Modern. In the Classical Organization Form, managers avoid risks that would put the org anizations at jeopardy while in the Modern Organization Form managers create contingency plans for possible situations that can happen in risky decisions. On the other hand, Post-Modern Organization Form managers take risks and create an action plan only when bad situations arise. Google has come a long way from the original objective of its founders. It was initially created as a graduate project in Stanford University. The website was launched in 1996 in the internal website of Stanford and two years after, Google turned into a successful commercial enterprise. From a name that is represented by 100 zeroes after a number 1, Google has been a success since its inception. The founders were able to transform a simple university project to a lucrative company valued at more than $30 billion. Google’s reach is extensive considering that it receives more transactions than the stock exchanges of New York, London, Geneva Frankfurt and Paris combined. From the video â€Å"Work in G oogle†, Fortune Magazine has named Google as the best company to work for in America in 2007. The founders of Google are able to create an environment where employees are able to have fun and enjoy being at work while creating a place where employees are able to be productive and excel in their fields. According to the video anchors, Fortune magazine chose Google as one of the best workplaces in America because of numerous reasons one of them being the food it serves in its cafeteria. It does not merely house a simple cafeteria that other organizations normally have but Google distinguished itself by providing a service comparable to eleven gourmet restaurants inside its cafeteria. The unconventional way of Google’s management style is well-appreciated by its employees—they positively respond and return the favor by working hard and being productive. Google employees declare that they are willing to do anything for the company since Google is invested towards pro viding an environment that is comfortable and conducive for work. It puts ahead the comfort of the employees by not employing a restrictive dress code—instead the employees are given the freedom and liberty to wear any type of clothes they deem comfortable. Pets are also allowed in the workplace provided that colleagues are not bothered by their presence. It is evident therefore that the lack of structure in the management system is not a factor in the success of the business.

Skills and Perspectives Needed for Working with Families from Diverse Research Paper

Skills and Perspectives Needed for Working with Families from Diverse Backgrounds - Research Paper Example The current research paper is aimed at identifying the skills needed for working with families from diverse backgrounds. Moreover, perspectives are critical in understanding intercultural problems in the modern industrial world. In the paper, perspectives helpful to comprehend family related issues have also been discussed in detail. Introduction In this paper, the main skills and perspectives needed for working with families from diverse backgrounds will be reviewed and analyzed. The principal focus of the research is on the situation in the western countries such as USA and other developed countries such as Australia where issues of intercultural relationships, migration, assimilation, etc. have drawn considerable public attention and debate at various levels of family and consumer studies. In writing this paper, academic literature including scholarly articles and practitioner’s resources have been used from reputable journals and university databases and libraries. The pap er is divided into sections dedicated to introduction, background research, problem, thesis statement, objectives, discussion, and conclusion. Background Family is the unit of society and nation that provides the most critical needs such as physical security and emotional support to its members. Family system brings coherence among individuals, begets mutual trust, legitimizes sex and synthesizes the civilization (Samovar, Porter, & McDaniel, 2009). Given the importance of family in any civilized society, immigrants have to be assimilated keeping in mind the need of fostering social coherence. Particularly in the developed countries where social constructs are highly complex and mechanistic industrialization booms, advent of immigrants is a major trend. For example, USA receives thousands of immigrants from different parts of the world every year. The institution of family becomes critical in such circumstances, where immigrants are being received either in groups, in families, or s imply as isolated individuals and/or asylum seekers (Gold & Nawyn, 2013). Furthermore, the issue of social justice for the relatively more marginalized populations also remains a significant question. For example, aboriginal population in Australia needs more social care and empathetic treatment because of their poor economic conditions. In America, the American Indians and African Americans also have similar problems. Problem In working with the families with diverse backgrounds, there are different issues in different countries. For example, in the countries such as Australia and New Zealand where immigration is still rather limited, issues of the families from aboriginal cultures must be addressed. These issues are absent in UK, yet the problem of assimilating the immigrant population in the country is very serious. And in the countries such as USA, ethnically and culturally varied families are highly common. Historically, USA has faced numerous hurdles in assimilating the variou s minority ethnic groups, immigrants, American Indians, different religious groups, etc. The practical aspects of the overall problem relate to three important issues: (1) handling the difficulties faced by children; (2) handling the difficulties faced by female family members; and (3) creating a holistic coverage of intercultural

Total Quality Management in International Business Essay

Total Quality Management in International Business - Essay Example Gerber views quality from the definitional perspective in that quality is the top priority of the company and serves a generic marketing strategy for promotional purposes. The company uses quality to solidify the firm’s brand value. The company wants the logo Gerber baby to be associated with the highest quality standards. Based on Gerber’s trajectory during the 20th-century quality has been a critical success factor that has helped the company become the industry leader in infant care products. When quality is used to define the product line of a company and the product’s the firm offers are in reality superior to the competition an enterprise has a great formula for success. Quality at Gerber has become so important that the company seeks feedback from a variety of stakeholders including the customers, suppliers, and employees.2. Gerber Corporation realized since its inception that quality could provide the company with a competitive advantage due to the importance parents place in the care of their creatures. The business integrated quality into the manufacturing processes in order to create greater consistency and reliability in the quality of the firm’s products. Gerber has benefited from using teamwork in the quality assurance process. The use of teamwork allowed the company to spread quality functions from departments to being used throughout the plant. The human resources practices that encouraged teamwork help the firm achieved synergy. Synergy in the workplace occurs when the whole is greater than the sum of its parts (Schermerhorn & Hunt & Osborn, 2003, p.174). Another technique that has helped Gerber achieve quality improvements is getting frontline employees involved. The floor workers are the individuals that at times have the greatest insight into quality control problems because they are the ones that see the production lines with their own eyes day.A strategic move that improves quality in the company was the implementation of managerial incentives for quality performance.

Analyse the Hamidian era from the perspective of economic change, and Essay

Analyse the Hamidian era from the perspective of economic change, and explain the ways in which the agenda of the Hamidian state - Essay Example However, there always was a distinction between different dynasties and Sultan’s in the way of political agendas over the different historical eras. Thesis statement: When we talk about Hamidian Era, this makes specific reference to Sultan Abdul amid II's period of rule during the 2nd half of the 19th century and early 20th century; specifically 1876-1909. Nevertheless, the era was characterized with various aspects in terms of economic performance and political leadership. How was economic performance related to the political governance of the era? How did the economic challenges that were experienced in the era influence Sultan Abdul amid II's political agenda? Discussion This paper intends to present an analysis of the Hamidian state during the Hamidian era in economic change perspective. Despite the commendable organization of the state during the reign of Sultan Abdul amid II, economic forces shook the state greatly. Economic forces such as foreign creditor’s debts and losing some regions to other imperial powers characterized the state’s governance. It is these forces and effects that this paper intends to analyze in the perspective of altering the Sultan’s political agenda. The paper will outline in details the economic pressures faced. An analysis of the political agenda of the empire will follow. The influence of these economic forces to the political agenda of the Sultan will then follow. In the efforts to destroy or abolish past legitimating crises that had engulfed the empire, on ascension to power, Sultan Abdul amid II adopted centralization system of governance. As the sole way to reform and save the entire empire from the sub sequential topple by the imperial colonies, Abdul amid II chose to ignore the reform calls by the westerners to implement their proposal. He established and imposed pan Islam policy whose main aim was to safeguard the interests of the Muslim culture in the empire against the invasion and corruptio n by other cultures. He advanced the segregation of other people on the basis of religion through supporting the Muslim religion against the ‘others’. The otto9man identity was a creation of modernization. Through this creation, the sovereigns appeared superior to their counterpart non-sovereigns. Religion identity was a critical aspect of association in the era of Hamidian. His policies were thus seen to be far from modernity; well interpreted to represent nationalism which instead of acknowledging individual identity, it concentrates with group. This was evident in his advocacy for Muslim protection and support. The Kurd people became beneficially of the same as unlike the case with other tribes who were easily overlooked on the grounds of religion, the Kurds were well integrated in the empire by the virtue of Muslim brotherhood (Yokmac, 2012, para 1-15). Economic challenges: The nineteenth century marked a historic time to the Ottoman Empire through which so much of the future shaping of the empire would rely. Despite the strength that the empire exhibited in the previous era, the empire started by slowly weakening in terms of political power, her territorial region in North Africa and in Europe. The political influence of the empire had been shaken by the dependency that had resulted by the poor economic performance that the empire had sailed through. Many of the policies that the previous governments had adopted proved unworkable. This necessitated engaging

Selected Retailer in Tesco Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Selected Retailer in Tesco - Case Study Example Its customer data –base includes not only details about its client’s interests, and but also contains of an assorted variety of other food-associate services and non-food services and products and also the life-style and demographic details of its shoppers which include total dollars expended on food products in its stores and the customer response to its product promotion and allied programs. (Shajahan 2006:205). For the first time in the year 2005, Tesco achieved the thirty percent market share in the grocery market in UK.TESCO is the first retailer in UK to report revenues more than  £ 2 billion. This is really astonishing as this means that every  £8 spent by UK shoppers, about  £1 will be spent in Tesco stores. TESCO during 2008/09 recorded net sales of  £ 1.9 billion and its profit during the year touched a new height of  £ 109 million. TESCO online shopping website is the top five most visited retail websites on the global level, and it attracts about 3.3 million visitors on a weekly basis. TESCO is distributing about 12 million catalogues during a year and receives about 475,000 orders per week. It has the most effective distribution system and has about 2000 home delivery vans and offers employment for more than 20000 individuals. (Wade-Gery 2009). Tesco’s online retail sales are on the increase on an annual basis. Total online sales by adult population were just 17% in 2003, which jumped to a whooping figure of 62 percent in 2010. Though, Tesco’s online sale is only 7% of total retail sales of UK, but there is a still bright prospect for growth potential in this sector. (Wade-Gery 2009). TESCO’s online business is not only large but also rapidly developing. Online business adds more revenue to Tesco, and it has a competitive advantage as a multi-channel offers are being made. TESCO online business is of low capital intensity in nature but with high returns. Further, the  the online grocery market presents plenty of growth to Tesco as Tesco has penetrated about 3% of overall online grocery market in UK but only about 6.7% of Tesco’s grocery sales are made through online.

How the internet has changed world culture Essay

How the internet has changed world culture - Essay Example The widespread use of the Internet has resulted in a virtual shrinking of the world that has led to the speculation of the concept of the world collapsing into a single Global Village. This leaves us with the strong possibility of the evolving of a new world culture at the detriment of the existing wide varieties of cultures around the world. Many of the cultures around the world are grounded in the religions practised in the surroundings. These religions have come down the ages and provide instil strong moral flavors to the cultures. Some of these morals may appear orthodox and out of sync with the modern world. Yet, they provide the moral fibers in most of the cultures worldwide. From the perspective of these moral fibers ingrained in the many cultures, the Internet appear â€Å"1000 times more dangerous than the television†, making it the â€Å"the world’s leading cause of temptation†, â€Å"a deadly poison which burns the souls†, as it incites and encourages sin and abomination of the worst kind (Singh 2009, p.46). In other words the influence of the Internet on world culture is to tear apart the moral fibers ingrained in it through moral pollution of the world culture (1). This criticism of the negative influence of the Internet on world culture stems from the innumerable pages of written and visual pages present in it. For instance, pornographic sites abound in the Internet, providing hours of questionable viewing to any user of the Internet, irrespective of age and gender. The Internet has made it possible for the emergence and proliferation of virtual communities or groups built around specialized interests, themes or cultural identities. Members of these virtual communities or groups tend to devout their time and attention more on these virtual social groupings than the real cultural groups that they belong to. A consequence of this is the fragmentation of cultures around the world, or in

Oppressive to women and sexist Essay Example for Free

Oppressive to women and sexist Essay In studying the two tables, the one I did myself and the one my friend did, it became apparent that while there were some differences, many of the descriptors were similarly placed within the table. There were some differences, notably that we both thought the American belief of Muslims is that their religious is oppressive to women and sexist, but my friend also thought that Christians and Muslims had a male-dominated political environment. The other interesting similarity was that we both believed Americans view Muslim-Americans as fanatics and violent, a stereotype that is perpetuated on television and in the media. We both listed some descriptors in the Both category, notably the fact that we perceived both groups as devout, both as sexist in some respects, and both as family-oriented in nature. From the Christian table, I think that women who go to work and secular content in education are true descriptors about this group in general, while the idea of them having immodest dress and all being law abiding are obviously false. For the Muslim-Americans, I believe the idea of them having modest dress and being governed by the Qu’ran is true, but I do not think all of these people are violent and undereducated. Both my friend and myself seemed to have similar views on how America views each group but many of them were not true and not necessarily how I truly believe, but how American society wants us to believe. I believe that in our society the media plays a large role in how we view each group. Watching a religious channel and seeing the way some right-wing conservative Christians act sheds a light on how most Americans think Christians act, while on the other hand the media portrays Muslim and Arab peoples as fanatically religious and as being terrorists. These images have stuck in the minds of Americans, particularly since 9/11.

Fantasy Movie Visual Effects Film Studies Essay

Fantasy Movie Visual Effects Film Studies Essay Film, the new form of storytelling, is one of the most entertainment sources in our daily life. It would be very hard to get a movie ticket at the weekends unless you got a reservation. Most of you have preferences to some genre, which keeps you turned on. Fantasy is one of the most fascinating genres, not only in film but in all the forms of art. It helps us to escape from the reality, from all our stress and tensions, for few hours. Most of the fantasy films are adapted from literature. Many would have waiting for your favorite fantasy novels movie release as I am waiting for the new Harry Potter film. You got many expectations for a film, might be wanted a great effects or waiting for your favorite part of the story. If your expectations are not fulfilled by the film makers you would probably disappointed. Film industry is an extremely competitive field with new technologies, creative ideas, and many more things. With the increasing number of new movies, film makers are trying very hard to impress the audience through new stories, visuals, and technologies. Two centuries ago, the famous short film, The Arrival of a Train made the audience to scream and ran out of the theater. The train was that much believable for those people, who were unfamiliar with films. But gradually people started to examine film very observantly. Film makers did everything they can do to make the film much more believable and try to give a new experience to the audience. It is very hard to trick them now, very hard to get their applause. As giant fishes always catch the attraction, some big pictures came and well received by the audience. They are not become success just because of its budget, definitely It would have all the right elements to be a film. In this 21st century, CGI and visual effects become one o f the key elements in films. Film makers are using these effects to impress the audience even the story doesnt demands it. Many films succeed while others become a big visual effects mess. Statement of the problem How much the fantasy film influence the development of visual effects Purpose Significance of the study Research questions 1: what is the influence of fantasy genre in film industry? 2: what is the significance of fantasy movies? 3: what is the role of fantasy films in the development of visual effects? CHAPTER 2: Background Fantasy: Fantasy can be defined as the boundless imagination or the liberation of mind from the reality. There is no limit, we can go anywhere, do anything, talk to animals, and if you want to fly a four headed dragon to the moon you can simply do that. Every single person in this world would have been in a fantasy world at least once in their life time, through their dreams or unbounded thoughts. Many wouldnt have recognized this as fantasy. Among those, some passionate and creative minds travelled lots of distance and found new wonderful stories. Those stories have reached in the real world, preserved for the generations through orally, and later inspired many to write fantasy literature. Fantasy Fantasy films: Fantasy films have been started since the birth of the medium itself. Watching these kind of movies in the silver screen must be a visual feast for the spectators. It would be a real challenge to make these kinds of films at the beginning stage of the film itself because of the visuals which these stories demands. It stands beyond reality so the film makers had to find some innovative cinematic techniques to create the hyper realism on the silver screen. Most of the early films were static shots that filmed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques. They would have used only the ability of the camera to capture image rather than thinking about new cinematic techniques. But before the 20th century few filmmakers have found new filming techniques to create some special effects which give inspiration to others for the invention of many innovative special effects techniques in the following years. With a result of that many fantasy films had born in the silent era of film. The arrival of sound and color in film made an innovative change in the fantasy film genre, which helped the directors to take the viewers more deep inside the fantasy, through emotions and colorful visuals. Fantasy film genre: Sub genre: Sword and sorcery musical fantasy light fantasy dark fantasy History of fantasy film: Fantasy film, consists of the elements of magic, supernatural events, fantasy creatures, fantasy world, fairy tales and sorcery, have events which are unlikely to occur in real life. This film genre is considered to be different from science fiction film and horror film, although the genres do overlap. The limitations of the fantasy film genre are not well defined. Early period: In 1896, Georges Melies, a French film director, considered as the father of special effects, filmed the first fantasy film The Bewitched Inn. This film is about a man who goes through some series of dreadful experiences from an inn. The film runs two minutes, might be the longest running film of that time. Melies used the special effects technique called stop trick, which he accidentally discovered while filming street traffic in Paris. Besides stop trick, they also used some invisible wires to drift up the characters hat and clothes towards the wall. In 1898 Melies directed another fantasy film named The Astronomers dream (La Lune à   un mà ¨tre). This film is about the terrific things happening in an astronomers dream. It runs three minutes, lengthier than the previous one. They designed the set very well and it gives more strength to the three minutes narration. In terms of special effects this film mainly reliant on the stop trick but we can see the use of mechanical prop for the moon and a very short stop motion animation on the screen. His experiments were the stepping-stones to further advances in special effects. Again in the year of 1903 and 1904, Melies came up with two more great fantasy movies The Infernal Boiling Pot (Le Chaudron Infernal) and The Impossible Voyage (Voyage à   travers limpossible). In the film The Infernal Boiling Pot, Melies has shown two green goblins doing some incantation on a burning cauldron which have three girls in it. The film runs 2 minutes and they had hand colored each frame of the film to get a colored film. It helped to create more sinister atmosphere and to increase the impact on the audience. The impossible voyage is considered as one of the greatest film of Melies and the important fantasy film of the silent film era. It is an adaptation of Jules Vernes play  Voyage à   travers lHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voyage_à  _travers_limpossibleaction=editredlink=1HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voyage_à  _travers_limpossibleaction=editredlink=1impossible. The films running time is about 20 minutes, approximately five times longer than other films of that time. Most films prior to this one, mainly consist of one or two shots and they were short in running time, had not developed in a level to tell a complex story. The impossible voyage tells the story of, passengers boarding a train which takes them on an adventure to the sun and even under the ocean. This film had used the advantages of editing and we can see a dissolve effect between the scenes. Through these type lengthier films with great narration, gradually film turn out to be a medium of storytelling. After the great fantasy films from the special effects wizard Georges Melies, lots of movies had born in this genre. By the year of 1910 movies were gradually growing into full length movies, an average of 80 minutes of running time, along with the special and visual effects technologies, which encouraged the film makers to produce more complex fantasy films than the previously done projects. It also helped to expand the potential of the genre by strong narration and provided the fantasy ambiance to the audience. In 1903, Alice in Wonderland, an adaptation film based on the Lewis Carrolls fantasy novel Alices Adventures in Wonderland, came out. The film was directed by Cecil Hepworth and Percy Stow and it is impressive for its use of special effects, including Alices shrinking at the entrance Doors and stuck inside of White Rabbits home with her full height. Some of the films special effects were achieved through jump cut and trick photography. The film showed only a few portion of the novel, because many scenes were technically impossible to shoot at that time. However, the film would have been impressed the audience because it was the first time they had seen a visual representation of their favorite novel. Later in 1910 the film had been recreated by the  Edison Manufacturing Company  and directed by  Edwin S. Porter in the original name of the book. In this 10 minutes film, Edwin s Porter couldnt include all the Carrolls memorable characters from the novel. Again in 1915, W.W. Young an American film director made the third adaptation of this film with fifty minutes of running time. This version goes much deeper in to the Carrolls novel than prior films, even fifty minutes is not much enough to narrate Carrolls fantasy story.   In the year of 1910, the most influenced fairy tale of all time, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._Frank_BaumFrank Baum, came into silver screen. This is the first adaptation film based on a novel which had been followed by its sequels. The story happens in a fantasy land called the Land of Oz and Dorothy and her friends are the characters in the story. There is no reliable proof about who directed this thirteen minutes film but many criticizers considered that Otis Turner might have done it. In the same year three more films in this series came out which are Dorothy and the Scarecrow in Oz,  The Land of Oz, and  John Dough and the Cherub, and all are considered to be  lost films. In 1914, three more films came out in this title, all directed by J. Farrell MacDonald and produced under The Oz Film Manufacturing Company. They are The Patchwork Girl of Oz,  the Magic Cloak of Oz, and  His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz, with an average ru nning time of 60 minutes. Later in 1925, another Oz movie was released by the name Wizard of Oz, directed by  Larry Semon. This film changed radically from the novel, introducing new characters and exploits. Along with a completely different plot, the film is all set in a world that is only barely recognizable as the  Land of Oz  from the books. All these Oz films had failed to make any impacts on the audience. Creating a fantasy world is a very difficult thing, if we couldnt make the audience to believe in the story, it all would look completely ridicules. Many film makers had failed to achieve this magic, thus make the genre to wait so long to get its triumph in motion picture. Other superb fantasy films in the early period were  Raoul Walsh  Ã‚  The Thief of Bagdad  and  Fritz Langs  Die Nibelungen both released in the year 1924. The Sound era: Technicolor and sound would be another great achievement in film history. Sound effects could make fear and anticipation in fantasy films or even play with viewers emotion in happy fantasies. Technicolor gave filmmakers the capability to create stunning special effects that impressed the viewers. The most famous film which made use of the magic of color and sound was the 1939 musical fantasy film The Wizard of Oz  directed primarily by  Victor Fleming. A sudden change from black and white to color gave more fantastic effects to the fantasy world and it allowed the filmmakers to deliver the full beauty of the visuals. The Land of Oz was very spectacular, complete with flying witches, wizards, talking trees and animals and many other fantasy elements. We could find many changes in the plot though the film was far more faithful to Baums original book than the earlier film versions. The Wizard of Oz  has considered as one of the best loved fantasy film of all time because of its st unning visuals and strong narration, and it became a true classic. This 103 minutes film was produced by  MGM and the budget was three million dollars, most expensive production up to that time. The film earned six million from the box office and thirteen million from television broadcast rights. That would have inspired many filmmakers to produce fantasy films. 1power of narration à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦taking the viewers along with the story.. Make them to feel the emotions of the characters Give the feel believable of hyperrealism Disney also effectively used a combination of color and sound in many of its fantasy films, both live action and animated. The makers of  The Wizard of Oz  might have been influenced by the success of  Walt DisneyHYPERLINK http://oz.wikia.com/wiki/Walt_Disney_PicturesHYPERLINK http://oz.wikia.com/wiki/Walt_Disney_Picturess  Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs,  released in the year 1937, which proved that a fantasy film could attract an enthusiastic adult audience too, a trick that earlier Oz films had failed to achieve. Fantasy movies and the film industry: As a cinematic genre, fantasy has traditionally not been regarded as highly as the related genre of science fiction film. Undoubtedly, the fact that until recently fantasy films often suffered from the Sword and Sandal afflictions of inferior production values, over-the-top acting and decidedly poor special effects was a significant factor in fantasy films low regard. Even 1981s  Raiders of the Lost Ark, which did much to improve the genres reputation in public as well critical circles, was still derided in some quarters because of its comic book-like action sequences and tongue in cheek comedy. Since the late 1990s, however, the genre has gained new respectability, driven principally by the successful adaptations of J.R.R. Tolkiens  The Lord of the Rings  and J.K. Rowlings  Harry Potter  series. Jacksons  The Lord of the Rings  trilogy is notable due to its ambitious scope, serious tone and thematic complexity. These pictures achieved phenomenal commercial and critical success, and the  third installment  of the trilogy became the first fantasy film ever to win the  Academy Award for Best Picture. The Harry Potter series has been a tremendous financial success, has achieved critical acclaim, and boasts an enormous and loyal fan base. Following the success of these ventures, Hollywood studios have green lighted additional big-budget productions in the genre. These have included adaptations of the first and second books in  C. S. Lewis  The Chronicles of Narnia  series and the teen novel  Eragon, as well as adaptations of  Susan Coopers  The Dark Is RisHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dark_Is_Rising_(film)ing,  Cornelia FunkesInkheart,  Phillip Pullmans  The Golden Compass, and  Holly Blacks  The Spiderwick Chronicles. Fantasy movies in recent years, such as the  Lord of the Rings  films, 2005s  Narnia  adaptation, and the first second and fourth  Harry Potter  adaptations have most often been released in November and December. This is in contrast to science fiction films, which are often released during the northern hemisphere summer (June August). All 3 installments of the  Pirates of the Caribbean  fantasy films, however, were released in July 2003, July 2006 and May 2007 respectively, and the latest releases in the  Harry Potter  series were released in July, 2007 and July 2009. The huge commercial success of these pictures may indicate a change in Hollywoods approach to big-budget fantasy film releases. Adaptation Themes, imagery, and visual elements Detailed study of developments in visual effects Case study 1 The lord of the rings trilogy My same philosophy applied to digital effects as to the overall design. I wanted the monsters to feel real right down to the dirt under the fingernails of a Cave Troll or the bloodshot, bulging eyes of Gollum.   Peter Jackson   The lord of the rings film trilogy, directed by Peter Jackson is an epic saga of J.R.R. Tolkiens Lord of the Rings books, become a milestone in the history of motion picture. The trilogies, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, and  The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, all released in the year of 2001, 2002, and 2003 respectively.   It was a revolutionary movement in the visual effects film making. Both the book and film had given a new birth to the fantasy literature and film genre. The trilogy achieved commercial, critical and phenomenal triumph. Each film of the trilogy had nominated for the Academy Award for Best picture in the three consecutive years and finally the third chapter, The Return of the King won the best picture award, and becomes the first fantasy film ever to achieve this honor. It won a total of eleven Academy Awards including for the ground breaking visual effects, ties up with the classics Benhur and Titanic. Peter Jackson and crew created an entire digital world to give life to the Tolkiens middle earth. This film is the best example of high fantasy. The story happened in the Middle earth, the three films follow the quest of Frodo Baggins and the fellowship to destroy the One Ring to defeat the Dark Lord Sauron. In the final battle at Gondor, Ring has been destroyed and Sauron and his powers are vanquished. The story is rich with many fantasy elements such as, wizards, dragons, creatures, beasts, giant talking trees and many more .The success of the film showed the scope of fantasy films and encouraged many production companies to green light new fantasy oriented projects. Thus the first decade of the twenty first century got more than fifty fantasy films on the silver screen. All major behind the scenes works had done by the New Zealand based visual effects company WETA Digital. They would have assembled potential people from all fields of animation and visual effects to dedicate years of their lives to create stunning effects that fulfill this high fantasy, middle earth epic story. All three films got more three thousand effects shots. WETA Digital had used many visual effects technologies to create the effects and creatures. They have invented new technologies and changed some existing technologies to overcome the challenges in creating some scenes. One of the most exciting creatures in  the film is Gollum, who was born like a hobbit named Smà ©agol, but transformed into something far more frightening as a result of his encounter with the ring. For creating Gollum, they have used very advance motion capturing. Gollum would be the most sophisticated digital character seen at that time. Visual effects technologies The lord of the rings trilogy had used many ground breaking visual effects to create the fantasy. WETA Digital is the major effects studio behind the films, but some shorts are also given to the studio Digital Domain. WETA had used many technologies to achieve the effects. Here we are going to look through those technologies. Massive Creating the war scenes are one o the most challenges faced by the filmmakers. All films in the trio had more than one war sequence in which thousands of soldiers are fighting. Creating this kind of mass crowd is a big problem that had not been solved in film making. A research to develop a new technology to overcome this problem had conducted in WETA Digital by the technical director of the film Stephen Regelous. It resulted in the creation of new software called MASSIVE (Multiple Agent Simulation System in Virtual Environment). It can easily generate thousands or millions of agents that all act as individuals and can respond individually to its surroundings. These reactions affect the agents behavior, changing how they act and controlling motion captured animations to create a realistic looking characters. The software used fuzzy logic to achieve this kind of properties. This technology helped WETA to create the epic war sequences. This technology is a great contribution to the vis ual effects industry and later it used in many films. Subsurface scattering Creating the creature Gollum was another big challenge for the director. This character played a main role in the films. Gollum was brought into life by the combine efforts of computer animation and sophisticated motion capture technology utilizing fluid dynamics. They studied many kinds of anatomy to create realistic joint movement based on actual organic muscle and bone. For getting more realistic look they have applied sub surface scattering shader for the first time. WETA developed vast amounts of code to create Gollum, notes Peter Jackson. They developed new modeling codes, new skin codes, new muscle codes. He is amazingly life-like and we were able to give him a range of expressions from the evil of Gollum to the sympathy of Smà ©agol. Peter Jackson  

Frequency Response of Electrode Materials in EIS Measurement

Frequency Response of Electrode Materials in EIS Measurement Furthermore, complementary information about the frequency response of electrode materials is provided by EIS measurements and one can estimate the capacitance changes with the operating frequency.64-65 It is well know that the complex form of capacitance is dependent on frequency, which is defined as follow:66-67 (6) where C(ω) is the real part of the complex capacitance and C(ω) is the imaginary part of the complex capacitance C(ω) and they are expressed as formulas (7) and (8):66-67 (7) (8) where Z(ω) and Z(ω) are the respective real and imaginary part of the complex impedance Z(ω). ω is the angular frequency and it is given by ω =2Ï€f. At low frequency, C(ω) corresponds to the capacitance of the electrode material and C(ω) is ascribed to the energy dissipation by an irreversible process that leads to a hysteresis.66-67 Fig. 15 shows the real and imaginary part capacitance as a function of frequency for Li-POAP/ERG/GC, POAP/ERG/GC and ERG/GC electrodes. It can be clearly observed that C(ω) gradually decrease with the increase of scan rates for each electrode as shown in Fig. 12F, however, the Li-POAP/ERG/GC electrode exhibits slow deterioration of capacitance due to fast ion diffusion and transport (Fig. 15A). In addition, the C(ω) of the Li-POAP/ERG/GC electrode approaches saturation at a frequency below ~ 0.01 Hz whereas the C(ω) of POAP/ERG/GC electrode does not show any sign of saturation as low as 0.01 Hz, indicating slow diffusion of electrolyte ions (Figs. 15A and B). Importantly, the relaxation time constant (Ï„0), which is also known as the dielectric relaxation time of the supercapacitor,66, 68 is a figure of merit of a supercapacitor. This parameter represents one of its discharge characteristics. It has been studied for each electrode based on the analysis of complex capacitance. The relaxation time constant, Ï„0 (=1/2Ï€f0) can be calculated from the plots of C(ω) and C(ω) vs. frequency. From the frequency corresponding to the half of the maximum value of C(ω), the relaxation time constant (Ï„0) can be determined. The change in the imaginary part of the complex capacitance C(ω) with frequency goes through a maximum at a frequency, f0, from which the value of Ï„0 can be calculated. From Figs. 15A and B, it can be noted that the Li-POAP/ERG/GC electrode shows a clear peak formation while the POAP/ERG/GC electrode has not reached the maximum even at the lowest frequ ency used in this study. The f0 value of Li-POAP/ERG nanocomposite is 3.98Ãâ€"10-2 Hz, corresponding to the characteristic relaxation time constant Ï„0 = 3998 ms, which is much lower than that of POAP/ERG nanocomposite, revealing fast accessibility of the electrolyte ions for the former nanocomposite. The smaller Ï„0 of the nanocomposite correlates with the better capacitance retention at high scan rates in the CV measurements. Therefore, lithium intercalated POAP/ERG nanocomposite is a potential promising electrode material for delivering high power and energy. In addition, investigation of the complex capacitance form of the ERG/GC electrode reveals that the C'(ω) of this electrode approaches saturation at a frequency below 15.8 Hz, which means that equilibrium ion adsorption can be achieved in 63.3 ms, suggesting most of the electrolyte ions reach the adsorption sites (Fig. 15C). In comparison to Li-POAP/ERG/GC electrode, the smaller value of relaxation time constant ( Ï„0 = 2.5 ms) correlates with very ultra-fast accessibility of the electrolyte ions for the ERG/GC electrode and the better capacitance retention at high scan rates in the CV measurements which is in good agreement with results obtained from cyclic voltammetric measurements (Fig. 12F, green line). In order to investigate the effects of different types of anions on the specific capacitance of POAP/ERG nanocomposite, the modification of the ERG/GC electrodes has been carried out in different acidic solutions containing HNO3, HClO4 and HCl and corresponding lithium salts as supporting electrolyte and subsequently, have been evaluated in the corresponding monomer free solutions. The cyclic voltammograms of the modified electrodes in presence of different anions are shown in Fig. 16A. Qualitative analysis of total charges associated with the voltammograms recorded in the presence of different anions reveals that the specific capacitance for anions decreases in the direction of K+. In addition, the values of specific capacitance derived from the cyclic voltammetric (Fig. 16D) and impedance spectroscopic measurements (Figs. 16E and F) do indeed coincide as tabulated in Table 3. Although one can expect the smaller size of Li+ ion to provide facile insertion/expulsion to/from the elec troactive film, the greater specific capacitance has been obtained in the presence of Na+. As for studied anions, it has been noted that the trends in direction of ionic mobility and ionic radius are going the same way.69-70 Possessing the greatest mobility and the smallest radius have led to estimation of the greater specific capacitance would be obtained as a consequence of more being intercalated into the POAP/ERG nanocomposite, which is in good agreement with experimental results. On the contrary, the trends in ionic mobility 69 and ionic radius 71 contrast with those in hydration enthalpy 70 and hydration number 71 for the studied cations. These inconsistencies have hindered prediction of which cation would be incorporated into the POAP/ERG nanocomposite easily. The obtained specific capacitance values (Table 3) decrease in the order of Na+ > Li+ > K+ which confirms the facile incorporation of Na+ into the POAP/ERG is more than likely. Along the lines of evaluating of effects of different types of cations and anions on the POAP/ERG nanocomposite, we have examined the extent to which the incorporation of different cations and anions has affected each of components of the POAP/ERG nanocomposite. In this case, ERG/GC electrodes have been investigated in different solutions containing different cations and anions. The capacitive behavior of ERG/GC electrodes in the presence of different cations and anions have been evaluated at 50 mV s-1 as shown in Figs. 17A and B, respectively. The electrodes have presented negligible difference in their current response while have shown typical rectangular shape indicating an excellent capacitive behavior. Therefore, it can be concluded that graphene sheets in the POAP/ERG nanocomposite act as numerous ion-buffering reservoirs and provide for ions shortened diffusion path into the composite which results in the superior electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite.

Criminology Essay -- Legal Issues, Crime

Figuring out why people commit crimes is one of the central concerns of criminology. Do most criminals act rationally after weighing the costs of crime? Is society ever to blame for an individual to commit a crime? Do mental diseases or even genetics factor into whether a person will live a life of crime. Over the years, many people have developed theories to try to answer these questions. In fact, the number of theories of why people commit crimes sometimes seems to equal the number of criminologists. I explore these questions and much more in the paper that follow. The foundation of classical criminology is its central belief that individual criminals engage in a process of rational decision making in choosing how to commit crime (Williams & McShane, 2010). This view is based on two further assumptions: that individuals have free will; and that individuals are guided by hedonism, the maximization of pleasure and the minimization of pain. These ideas were important in that they shifted attention towards punishing people’s offending behavior rather than punishing the individual’s social or physical characteristics in and of themselves. This shift consequently had an enormous inï ¬â€šuence on changing attitudes towards punishment and towards the purpose of the law and the legal system. Classical ideas about crime and punishment can be found in the works of a number of different writers. The writings of Cesare Beccaria (1738–94) and Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832), however, were especially inï ¬â€šuential. According to the emerging view of the social contract, humans originally lived in a state of nature, grace, or innocence and their escape from this state resulted from the application of reason. It was argued that there was an in... ...e extent to which this is a legitimate evidence-based concern is a moot point. It is hard for anyone to grasp the concept or be able to understand why people commit heinous crimes or engage in criminal activities. We as human beings are all capable of committing or engaging in delinquent behavior. What stands in the way of a person that makes them decided to engage in deviant behavior or to choose not to commit crimes at all? We may never truly know or understand the real reasons behind why certain people make decisions like these every day. Early philosophers and scientists looked carefully and dug deep into the criminal justice system and the behavior of criminals using theories to explain criminal behavior. With these views they were able to come up with multiple distinctive theories that explained different views on why people decided to commit crimes.

Computers In Our World :: essays research papers

Computers in our World In the 1950's, computers were a new race of machines and most common person did not know anything about them. Today, computers and new Innovation like the internet has changed the business world and even our daily lives. How did it change the business world and our own personal lives and is it for the best, that's what will be discussed in this report. Contents Summary 1 Introduction 3 When were computers invented Brief history of computers 4 First computer invented 4 Immediate effects of this invention 4 The business world and computers The businesses now depend on computers 5 Computers are necessary for competitiveness 5 The rise of the Internet 6 Computers and our daily lives Why do we use them 6 What are the advantages of owning a personal computer 6 Is there any disadvantages 7 Conclusion and Recommendations 8 References 8 How Computers changed our lives Introduction Large businesses now mostly depend on computers to stay competitive, they not only save time and effort, but sometimes they are used to do very complexe application that are necessary to this business. More and more companies have there own "Web Page" on the net. Some use the Internet only to display information about there business, others really go "all out" and use the Internet as another way for a client to purshase their goods and services. Either way, the Internet is getting larger and larger, therefore, businesses that want to stay on top cannot omit the Internet as another way to transact with their clients. Although computers have become necessary in the business world, it also has become a "must" for certain individuals in their daily lives. With computers today, the things you can do are unlimited. Desktop computers, meaning computers designed mostly for home use, are getting more powerful than ever and its only a beginning. Like in the business world, the Internet is rising and getting more and more popular, therefore, all sorts of "virtual companies" have come out on the Net and once again, it is only a beginning. Were did this all begin, when was the first computer invented and how did it become what it is today, well see that a little bit later. Although computers started out by being simple calculators and later on complicated Main-Frames that used punch cards for input devices, today's computers are much more powerful, and they seem a lot more easy to use and to understand, but are they really? Although this report examines the effect of computers on the business world and on our daily lives, it is important to know when and where they come from.

Down Syndrome Essay -- Biology Biological Medical Essays

Down Syndrome They used to be called "Mongoloids," an ethnic insult coined by John Langdon Down, an English physician during the nineteenth century. But now they are known as people, individuals with a condition known as Down syndrome. (3). It wasn't until the 1960s that Jerome Lejeune and Patricia Jacobs discovered the cause of Down syndrome (also called trisomy 21). But with technological advancements within the scientific community, more and more information has been gathered about the condition that affects about one in every one thousand children born around the world. (4). Research shows that Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by certain chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosomes within cells are composed of proteins and genetic information in the form of DNA. Human cells normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes to make a total of 46 chromosomes in each cell. When sex cells (eggs and sperm) divide through the process of meiosis, one cell splits into two parts so that each of the resulting cells only has 23 chromosomes, rather than 46. But many errors can occur during cell division. During meiosis, the chromosomes are supposed to split and go to different areas of the cell. This step in the process of meiosis is called disjunction. But sometimes during cell division, a chromosome will not detach and it will stay with its pair chromosome. This results in one of the new cells having 24 chromosomes and the other having only 22 chromosomes. An error such as this is called nondisjunction. If a cell with this error mates with a normal cell, the fert ilized egg will end up with an uneven number of chromosomes. (3). In the instance of Down syndrome, 95 percent of all cases are caused by nondisjunction, and 90 p... ... some cells, researchers get closer and closer each year to discovering the mystery of trisomy 21. With every new development, and with increased education and research, the quality of life improves for the people who, not long ago, were exiled from society for being "different" from other people. Internet Sources: 1)"Prenatal Screening for Down Syndrome", http://www.ds-health.com/prenatal.htm 2)"Comprehensive Speech and Language Treatment for Infants, Toddlers, and Children with Down Syndrome", http://www.ds-health.com/speech.htm 3)"Trisomy 21: The Story of Down Syndrome", http://www.ds-health.com/trisomy.htm 4)Down Syndrome: Background Information", http://www.nas.com/downsyn/faq1.html 5)About Down Syndrome", http://www.ndss.org/aboutds/aboutds.html#PPgenetic 6)About Down Syndrome http://www.ndss.org/aboutds/aboutds.html#PPmedical

Ethical Consumerism

Ethical Consumerism What is ethical consumerism? Ethical consumerism is the purchasing of products and services produced in a way that minimizes social and environmental damage while avoiding products and services having a negative impact on society or the environment (http://www. scribd. com/doc/19589310/Contract-Law). Ethically made products are those that are produced with the least harm to the environment, animals, and humans. There are four types of ethical buying. The first one is positive buying as in energy saving light bulbs.The second is negative purchasing which is avoiding products that disapprove of, such as battery eggs or gas-guzzling cars. The third one is company-based purchasing. You choose whether or not you support a company based on what it produces. The last one is the fully-screened approach. The fully-screened approach is a combination of the first three. When purchasing products or services the consumer should consider the quality of the product, the conditio ns in which the products produced and if any harm is caused to the environment.When items are sold at really low prices, it should make the consumer stop and think, â€Å"Is this really a bargain? † How consumers spend money influences social and economic justice, the environment, animal welfare, and democratic freedoms. As consumers, we have an ethical obligation to society. As consumers, we should only buy products that are safe to use or healthy to consume, In order to do that, we must not buy from companies that exploit humans or animals maintain and increase social poverty, inequality and deprivation (http://www. atheistnexus. org/group/consumerethics).We must identify companies that value their employees and customers, pay fair wages, and provide a safe and healthy work environment, and maintain sustainable business and environmental practices and practice positive buying. Positive buying is favoring ethical products, and businesses that operate on principles based prim arily on benefit for the greater good rather than self-interest,allowing for business self-interest only for the perpetuation of doing general good outside of self (http://knowmore. org). Moral boycotting is another way to help society.Moral boycotting is the practice of avoiding or boycotting products which a consumer believes to be associated with unethical behavior. Reasons for boycotting would be factory farming, harm to the environment, unsafe and unhealthy working conditions, and low wages. Boycotting can damage reputations and cause a loss in profits. If we are a socially responsible organization, you would think people would prefer to buy from us than a company who isn’t socially ethical. As consumers, we have the power and must take responsibility for this power by making informed and empowered choices in the products we purchase (http://www. mallsimplelife. com/2009/09/dont-sweat-the-big-stuff/). We must be positive consumers, and use our buying power to influence t he effects consumerism has on the living planet. References (Ethics and Consumer video [Video file]. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://library. uco. edu ) (http://www. scribd. com/doc/19589310/Contract-Law) (http://www. atheistnexus. org/group/consumerethics) Small Simple Life : Positive Impact with Ethical Consumer †¦ (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. smallsimplelife. com/2009/09/dont-sweat-the-big-stuff/

Mill on Liberty

John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty is an intellectual discussion on just how far society’s reach can influence and direct the actions of individuals. Mills required several criteria to evaluate the discussion of cigarette advertising, its impact, and whether it is a health issue. His work can be summarized into the following points:1. An individual has the right to act as he wants as long as their actions do not harm others.2. Society has no right to intervene if the individual is only directing his actions upon himself.3. Children and those less civilized would be exempt. (In other words these two groups are deemed to require guidance).4. Everyone is entitled to free speech regardless if that speech is erroneous.5.   Debate is necessary to find truth.6.   We must protect the ability to choose.Mills would have no issue with cigarette advertising. Under his philosophy the manufacturers of cigarettes and those advertising for cigarettes would be entitled to do so. What Mil ls would argue is that although these companies have the right to free speech they would have to tell what the health costs of cigarette consumption as documented by every major health agency. Mills would propose that cigarettes be taxed and the individual be warned of associated health issues from cigarette consumption.If the individual is properly educated about the risks and still decides to purchase and consume cigarettes, according to Mills the individual will have assumed all the risk because the individual has  been educated about the risks of cigarette consumption and has still decided to pursue that action in spite of that knowledge.Mills’ decision would not solely be based upon whether the issue is health related or an issue of free speech regarding cigarette manufacturer’s ability to have their product advertised. Mills would take into account all aspects and produce a judgment. His utilitarian philosophy is never separate from any of his decisions and is expressed, â€Å"†¦ one must always act so as to produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people (Mill 59-74).†Following this logic cigarette advertising would be accepted; the cigarette advertising would have constraints such as proper disclosure of the health risks associated with cigarette consumption – in other words no deceptions. If, in spite of this information regarding cigarettes, the individual still makes a decision to use cigarettes, Mills would conclude that it is within the individuals’ power to control their actions, so if anything detrimental happened to them, they were fully aware of the consequences.What Mills would argue is that it would be wrong to influence children and others not qualified to properly take care of themselves. Constraints such as cigarette tax, proof of age would be acceptable as constraints because they do not infringe upon an individuals right to choose. The production of proof would be viewed as an i ndication that the individual understands the risks and willing to assume the risks associated with cigarette consumption.The cigarette producer requests that cigarettes be advertised. The advertisement would conform and give the risks inherent with cigarette consumption. In recognition of the risks, certain constraints such as requirement of understanding the health risks and proof that one is of legal age to understand these risks, Mills would have no issue.Mills would have issue if the individual wasn’t told of the health risks in the cigarette advertising. Mills would have issue if the cigarette manufacturers and cigarette advertisers forced individuals to consume cigarettes. Mills would have further issue if the individual was told he couldn’t  choose or would have a choice either way – to choose to use cigarettes or to choose not to use cigarettes based upon advertising.Mills would advocate that if cigarette manufacturers, advertisers did not provide the means (information, education, relevant disclosure) they should be punished. Applicable laws, fines and imprisonment would be considered.  These judgments would be considered because the manufacturer and advertiser would knowingly be inflicting pain upon the individual by not disclosing the health risks associated from consuming cigarettes and the advertising of the product.Simply, â€Å"†¦ the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others (68).† Because harm would come to the individual without proper information, the prevailing judgment would be to enforce a law so as to cause other manufacturers of cigarettes and their advertisers to rightfully inform the individual. Also, â€Å"†¦ each is the proper guardian of his own health, whether bodily, or mental or spiritual (71-72).†The process of discussing the effects and how cigarettes affected the individual would be rigorously encouraged by Mills. â€Å"We can never be sure that the opinion we are endeavouring to stifle is a false opinion; and if we were sure, stifling it would be an evil still (76-77).† Further, Mills would argue that the opinion regarding cigarettes couldn’t be suppressed anyway because others’ opinions around the world would exist.Cigarette advertising would be viewed rather positively. The advertising would pose a forum to discuss the benefits and risks – whether physical, mental or spiritual. The reason would be many areas of argument would be heard, and out of this an ability to judge for one’s own self would become evident. As further proof and evidence would become clear, the benefits and risks would also become clear. The individual then would be able to decide ultimately for himself.As it is known the health effects of cigarette consumption, Mills would impose a tax based upon utility. That is, cigarette consumption is used by some. Since some derive some benefit from cigarettes  they should be allowed to do so. Indeed, Mills would view the attempt to prevent an individual from whether to choose to consume cigarettes, even with the health risks explained as an attempt to prevent the ability to choose. Mills would take into account these health risks and place a tax on the product. This tax in turn could further the education about cigarette consumption and quite possibly be put to further the research into cigarettes.The health issue of cigarettes would provide a great forum for debate because through debate the raw essence of truth would surface. The raw truth, not society’s truth, your neighbor’s truth or another form of spoon-fed truth, but the raw truth would reveal itself. It is this raw proof through debate that Mills would have humanity embrace. It is through the, â€Å"†¦ Complete liberty of contradicting and disproving our opinion, is the very condition which justifies us in assuming its truth for purposes of action; and on no other means can a being with human faculties have any rational assurance of being right (79).†Mills would state further that the validity of health issues associated with cigarette consumption would stand the test of time. That is regardless of who said what, evidence to support the health risks associated with cigarette consumption would be consistent regardless of who wants to test the validity. The testers would find the same evidence and would come to the same conclusions. There would be no reason to inflict one’s will to assume the truth. The government would not need to intervene because the individual would be aware and educated to what the benefits or risks of cigarettes and cigarette advertising.Mills would also justify that if cigarettes were advertised and sold to minors or those who are not yet old enough to form an opinion that the sellers of cigarettes would be punished under the law. The reason is t hat he would view this as a form of slavery – slavery or imprisonment of one’s ability to be properly educated and the ability to freely choose. Mills would argue those minors or those not yet old enough or have sufficient maturity are not quite capable of making a strong mental decision.Therefore, the cigarette manufacturers’ and their advertisers would be in violation of not disclosing what they know, that is the associated health risks of cigarettes.  Mills would also view those who consumed cigarettes in the presence of others who didn’t consume cigarettes equally unjustifiable. Mills would state that the happiness of the individual who did not consume cigarettes as being infringed upon and his ability to choose whether to be around another individual and knowing or not knowing the consequences of such action would not nullify the existence of those actions and thus infringe upon that individuals ability to remove himself from possible health risks. Mills would further argue because another individual inflicted harm upon another then certain fines or other punishment would be enforced. This would also involve cigarette manufacturers and their advertisers. Mills would include fine, imprisonment or other penalties if those parties did not disclose information that they had available that was relevant and affected the individual.Mills methodical approach would be applied to every situation. He would ask the same questions regarding any problem. As applied to cigarette advertising Mills would ask, ‘Who does this affect?’ If this affects individuals negatively, he would say, â€Å"This is bad for the good of individuals so the cigarette advertisers should be fined or imprisoned because they are harming others (119).†If cigarette advertisers were to publicly announce that cigarettes are horrible and pose numerous health risks and the individual still chose to consume cigarettes, then that is the individuals choice and society should not intervene The reason is simple: the individual armed with the knowledge that cigarette consumption poses health risks and is dangerous and still continues to pursue this task, then that individual has been warned. Since that individual has been warned they take and assume all responsibility for their actions.Mills’ logic would not stop there. Mills would require that the individual who consumes cigarettes, as a result of cigarette advertising, be truly and wholeheartedly aware of what consequences this course of action may bring. Further, if those individuals were not mature or mentally aware, fines  or imprisonment against cigarette advertisers’ and their manufacturers would be at the core of justifiable punishment.Mills was concerned with the ability of the individual to choose. If the individual was not able to choose regardless of whether that choice was considered wrong then that individual’s liberty would be taken away. As such, s ociety would impress upon the individual its choice and deny that individual any means of exploring that option for themselves.At heart of this ability to choose is necessary debate. Debate and intellectual discussion at its core would disclose assumptions and get at raw truth. The truth has to be, â€Å"†¦fully, frequently, and fearlessly discussed (96-97).† Or else it would not be,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ a living truth (97).†No one from society to other individuals including the individuals themselves should impose any thought or action that would deprive them of their freedom. Freedom in the sense that the â€Å"†¦individual can pursue their own good in their own way (71-72)†, and not â€Å"†¦attempt to deprive others of theirs, or impede their efforts to obtain it (71-72).†Mills would view cigarette advertising from all positions. It would not be sufficient to just argue on point and then conclude that to be the truth. Mills would argue that if c igarette advertisers and their manufacturers did not disclose any relevant risks associated with the consumption of cigarettes then they should face penalties because those agencies would be denying individuals necessary information that affects their well-being.Mills also would view any issue of health as a matter of disclosure. Inevitably some individuals would say they benefit from cigarette consumption. Mills would say those individuals are willing to take the risks and also say they benefit from cigarettes. Society should not impose any restrictions on their ability to choose. However, since cigarettes and cigarette advertising have health risks, they needto be taxed. Taxation would not be viewed as a prohibitive measure on an individual’s ability to choose rather as a means to ensure that those who manufacturer and advertise cigarettes understand their role in providing the individual with proper disclosure. Payment through taxation would be a means to accomplish this t ask.Utilitarianism is considered at every step of the decision making process. Utilitarianism would not be viewed as a separate thought process or as a separate means at arriving at a decision. Utilitarianism would state that the taxation imposed upon cigarettes is not prohibitive to the individual. Rather it is prohibitive to the manufacturer in that it forces them to disclose the health risks or face further penalties outside of taxation.Regardless of the argument presented – if cigarette advertising is wrong, it wouldn’t only be a matter of free speech, a health issue or would utility help in explaining, Mills would state that it is the argument that enables the truth to be told. It is with constant debate that this truth would finally be realized.Not the truth as we would want it, imagine it, think it or have it told to us; pure truth. It is the freedom to be able to discuss that truth, to be able to think through the steps to arrive at that truth, and the ability after the truth is found not to enforce that truth on anyone unless that individual intended to harm another with that truth. It is with this truth that we as human beings can be better and achieve great things.Works CitedMill, J.S. On Liberty. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1974.

Questions and Answers on Computer Memory

Many changes have been seen lately in both 1/0 and memory. What are some of the newer technology innovations you have seen In regards to 1/0 and Memory? What are the different types of Memory and how much Is recommended? In the past 10 years there have been many changes In technology. We went from burning CDC to downloading songs to an MPH player. We went from a big boxed TV's to Flat screen TV's that you can control with your hand and voice. The memory on these things has Improved as well. With the Cad's only being able to hold around 700MS, while MPH players can hold up to BIBB or more. And hard drives use to only go to 1 TAB, now there are hard drives that can hold up to TPTB or more. My favorite new technology Is the smart phones. Who would have thought back In 2000 that our phones would be miniature computers, and that there would be an App for everything. From banking to real estate, to even ordering your food right from your phones APS. It's amazing What are the different type s of Memory and how much is recommended? There are several kinds of memory such as RAM, SD and USB.With how much memory is commended is up to the user. If you're going to use the computer for just email and homework and normal tasks then you won't need as much memory or RAM as someone who is using his computer to play video games. That's cool that you work for Apple. I have never owned or really used a Mac Computer but that feature that Lion offered called â€Å"Resume† sounds awesome. I can think of thousands of times that would have come in handy. With working on projects for work or even writhing reports for school and then the power goes out and there goes all your hard work erased.

A comparison of two media articles Essay

The Daily Express and The Independent write about the same event, England’s 2-0 victory over Greece in one of England’s world cup qualifier matches. It is obvious from looking at the articles that they are set out and written differently, this is because of their target audiences. The Independent is a more formal newspaper in A2 size, aimed at the more educated person. It is generally read by people in the social groups of A, B and C1, this includes people such as doctors, policemen and other such skilled workers. The Daily Express however is a much less formal newspaper, in A3 size, its target audience are people who are generally less educated and belong in the social groups of C1 and C2, people like builders, receptionists and other unskilled workers. The Daily Express’ article dominates the entire back page with very little else but a small sub article and some small adverts, the Daily Express sets it out in this way to attract its readers to the paper and article, it is bold and stands out. The Independent is different in this as the article takes up roughly half of the page, with enough room to have another article on the same page this is because of its much larger page. The Independent does not use big bold headlines or make it to try and attract the reader into the story; instead they set the article out in a more professional form making it look elegant and neat. This is done as The Independents readers do not want to be enticed into reading an article just because it looks attractive and stands out, they will read what is of interest to them and for content of the story. The Daily Express however uses the bold headlines and dominating layout to attract it’s readers into the article and paper. The Daily Express includes two pictures in its article, one for the main article of the match and the other one shows the gossip of the match. The Daily Star does this as their readers like pictures to attract them to the story and also like to read about the gossip as well, in this case the bottles being thrown at David Beckham’s head. The picture for the main article that the Daily Star chooses to show is that of David Beckham celebrating his goal, however they have blocked everything else out of the picture and just have David shown with a bold black outline. The picture is laid out across the page in an untidy fashion making it bolder and more attracting to its reader. This is done as the readers of the paper recognise David as a big celebrity and so want to read what is said about him. The Independent however is very different it has only one picture; it dominates the article but is set out in a square as a neat part of the article. The picture is the same as Daily stars however it is much broader as it shows more than just David Beckham; it is left showing us the stadium and the crowd’s celebrations. The chooses to do this as its readers prefer a much more in depth view as to what has happened when reading their articles, with this they can see the sort of atmosphere there would have been in the Stadium. The Daily Express uses a type of language typical of most tabloid newspapers, but not usually seen in broadsheet newspapers; puns, a play on words. The Daily Express uses pun in the headline of its article which focuses solely on David Beckham. The headline is â€Å"Haircules†, deriving from the ancient Greek God of Hercules, a mighty, strong warrior. The Daily Express has done this as it shows David Beckham as the mighty warrior of the football match. The beginning part â€Å"Her†, has been altered to â€Å"Hair† to apply more to David Beckham and his famous, forever changing hair cut. The Daily Express uses war imagery; the writer uses words, phrases and sentences which compare the football match to a bloody battle or war. The sub header is a great example of this war imagery language with the phrase â€Å"cool under fire†. We would more often than not associate this sort of term with a soldier who had kept his cool whilst being shot at, however in this case it has been changed to describe an aspect of the football match. Also, â€Å"missiles†, â€Å"victory† and â€Å"stoop to conquer† are more war imagery terms which the writer has used to elevate the match and make it seem more exciting. The Independent has not used war imagery as this is a very convincing language, the paper would much rather its readers made up their own minds rather than have them made for them. Sentence Length, sentence structure and sentence variety are another three things which sets these two articles apart. Whereas the Daily Express uses very simple, basic, short sentence structures The Independent uses longer more complex sentence structures which appeal more to its readers. The Daily express does not break down its sentences with punctuation, punctuation is very basic in this article for example, take the opening sentence of each, â€Å"Skipper David Beckham provided the perfect answer to the Greek thugs who targeted him last night with missiles as he curled in the free kick which put the seal on victory in Athens and kept England’s world cup hopes alive†, not a single comma is used to break down that very large sentence. ‘†Bring on the Germans† was the cry from the sunburned, shaven-headed masses in the northern arc of the Spiro Louis Stadium last night and there would not have been a single man in the England dressing room who would disagree’, in this the Independents the sentence is broken down by a quote and comma. Both of the articles input interviews from David Beckham; they are very similar but The Independents comments contain better vocabulary as to appeal more to its readers. The Independent inputs phrases such as â€Å"the importance of maintaining our discipline†, so that the comments appear more intellectual and appeal more to its readers. The Daily Express however writes this comment as â€Å"It was important we kept our discipline†, keeping the phrase more simple, so that it’s less sophisticated readers are not put off by complex language. The independent also contains much more dialogue than the Daily Express, this is because the Independent would like to get across as many view points as possible on the match, so that it’s readers can think for themselves and come to their own decision on the what kind of match the game was. In conclusion both of the articles are effective for their different readers. The Daily Express writes more basically and writes more about gossip and facts to appeal to its lesser educated readers. With bold headlines and the picture of David Beckham the paper is going to sell as it attracts its readers. The Independent is very different, it is much more factual, it’s more educated readers are less interested in the gossip and would rather read the facts. The article contains a lot of dialogue and refrains from using war imagery, presenting different view points enabling the reader to make their own decision on the match.

HRM STRATEGIES AND PRACTICE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

HRM STRATEGIES AND PRACTICE - Essay Example It is necessary that the leader or the management should ensure that there is sufficient quantity of efficient employees for the efficient performance of the organization. By using various selection processes particularly through interview as well as assessment centres, employees with optimal skill and knowledge can be selected. Although, there are many selection processes or types, interview process is only prominently used throughout the world. However each of these selection processes have certain strengths as well as weaknesses, thus elevating one selection process above others in certain contexts. Certain contexts in the sense, although all these two selection processes of interview and assessment centres will fulfil the key purpose of selecting qualified and apt candidates, in certain situations and contexts, one selection process will fulfil the objective of getting correct employees even better. Also, in certain contexts, one selection process will not work as expected. This is from organization or management’s perspective, likewise each selection process will elicit different responses from the prospective employees or applicants as well. That is, each selection process will impact the employees differently, when they are exposed to it, thus eliciting different responses. So, this report firstly will discuss the selection method of interview, listing out its advantages and disadvantages. Then the paper will focus on another selection method of assessment centres, finally coming up with the recommendation about which selection method to adopt. Among the various selection processes, interview has been the commonly used selection process from very early times. The interview is an extremely common selection method and has a high predictive validity for job performance, indicating many factors particularly whether the prospective person is â€Å"organisation

The impact of the Financial Crisis on Banking Industry Research Paper

The impact of the Financial Crisis on Banking Industry - Research Paper Example In 2009, the â€Å"Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation† failed almost 305 banks. Even though this is comparatively small proportion of the entire banks, the tendency that this reveals is the actual reason for concern. This amount is greater than 12 times the amount, 25, which failed in the year 2008. Among these banks which were forced to shut their doors in 2008 was â€Å"Washington Mutual†; the leading bank to date which has been compelled to shut their doors. Nevertheless, they were capable to get away total amount of liquidation by being engrossed by â€Å"JP Morgan Chase†. This benefited the â€Å"JP Morgan Chase† since this gave them a trail on the west-shore which they had been requesting for some time (Bexley et al., 2011, p. 2). Due to these negative externalities, the problem of credit crunch has been generated which has reduced the amounts of investment and investable funds across the globe. Also the problem of subprime lending has also been a ggravated in global economies, mainly in US which has reduced the banking transactions in the country (Bexley et al., 2011, p. 6). ... to this high level of inflation, consumers are not getting capable of purchasing costliest goods and services and hence business organisations which are engaged in production of these goods and services are leaving the industry. Again this is reducing the level of income in the country and hence the level of demand for necessary goods and service. The Fed is expecting to have a subdued in the next few years because of weaker level of real economic activities prevailing in the country. But the Fed is expecting that the rate of inflation will remain unresponsive in newt few years due to the fact the American economy is still under the curse of financial and economic crises situations (Minutes of the Federal Open Market Committee, 2011, p. 1). Future solutions: Again, it is expected by the researchers that the rate of interest will remain comparatively low as well as stable in the next year following the rapid growth of developing countries. This increasing growth of countries such as I ndia and China will increase the volume of trade in favor of USA. Also the corporate bonds and the share market are expected to be much stable in the next year than it is now. These aspects are expected to improve the performance of the banking sector in the US (Elwell, 2011, p. 4). The rate of interest on â€Å"91-Day Treasury Bills† in the next year is expected to be 0.2% and that of â€Å"10-year treasury notes to be 3.5% (Fiscal Year 2013: Analytical Perspective: Budget of the U.S. Government, 19). These improvements in the economic variables of the country is expected to create significant amount of positive effect on the increment of the level of private as well as public consumption spending of the country. Consumption spending is most likely to remain the most crucial part of the